Fig. 4
The mainly used setups for in vitro shockwave experiments: tube with single cell suspension in a water bath coupled to a shockwave transducer by water (a), tube with single cell suspension coupled to a shockwave transducer with coupling gel and surrounded by air (b), ultrasound gel coupling of the transducer to a water basin with a membrane, and either a tube with cell suspension (c) or a cell culture flask with adherent cells (d)